Polio vaccination has been the subject of major controversy in Pakistan since the CIA used a fake polio vaccination campaign to collect DNA samples from Osama bin Laden’s family, before the operation to assassinate Bin Laden in Abbottabad in 2011. That incident caused the polio vaccination campaign in Pakistan to suffer a serious setback—one of the problems Epstein was claiming to address via IPI. Epstein’s involvement in post-2011 polio efforts may cause further setbacks, 15 years after Bin Laden’s death. “Pakistan has never recovered from the fake vaccination campaign blow,” said one Pakistani doctor associated with the polio campaign. “Now this entire Epstein saga will just give more oxygen to anti-vaccine hysteria and put millions of Pakistani children at risk. Just the thought of Gates and Epstein ‘helping’ children is enough to give any parent nightmares.”