Thanks for sharing! This is an incredible comparison.

Exactly. All of that things that Germany has, meanwhile Spain is not even a federation. Yet it has the same level or more of autonomy on its regions than a federation.

By name it is not a federation (define federation…) Yet Spanish autonomies enjoy more autonomy than some federal states.

Spanish regions have their own police. These police forces are autonomous from the central ones. https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policía_autonómica Some even have a specific name: Mossos, Ertzaintza, policia foral, etc…

The Spanish regions have autonomy on both collecting taxes, and assigning their own budgets. They are autonomous in the case of emergencies, healthcare, education (which allows them to set their culture), cultural ministeries, with their own regional bodies that make their own decisions.

All this is more federal than the federal states of Germany.

Being a consitutional monarchy or republic doesn’t have anything to do with federation.

Being a constitutional monarchy instead of a republic just means that they have a predesignated figurehead that represents the country, instead of electing that figurehead. The person is just a figurehead that rubberstamps things, but doesn’t take decisions at all. Be it the king (in a constitutional monarchy like Spain, Norway, UK, Denmark, Sweden, etc) or however you want to call it (in a republic like France, Germany, etc).

The government gets elected.

Spain’s government is more federal than federal governments like the German one. Spain’s Autonomous regions have way more leeway and freedom than regions in federal governments.